Vitamins are precursors; active cofactors are working molecular forms. This lens connects twelve cofactor systems to the compounds and reactions represented in the current graph, revealing recurring transfer, redox, rearrangement, and catalytic strategies.
Reaction matches come from controlled cofactor aliases found in release event names, equations, and catalyst annotations. They describe representation in this release, not measured abundance or pathway rate.
Matching controlled cofactor terms within release event records.
Thiamin diphosphate is the activated B1 form used to stabilize carbon fragments during oxidative decarboxylation and two-carbon transfer reactions.
No reaction record matched this vocabulary entry in the current release graph.
Riboflavin-derived FAD and FMN carry one or two electrons, often while bound within enzymes that couple difficult oxidation and reduction steps.
No reaction record matched this vocabulary entry in the current release graph.
Niacin-derived NAD and NADP carry hydride equivalents. Their phosphorylated and unphosphorylated pools support distinct, though connected, redox economies.
No reaction record matched this vocabulary entry in the current release graph.
Pantothenate-derived coenzyme A uses a reactive thiol to form thioesters, activating acyl groups for transfer, oxidation, and biosynthesis.
No reaction record matched this vocabulary entry in the current release graph.
Pyridoxal phosphate forms reversible covalent intermediates that stabilize amino-acid reaction chemistry, including transamination, decarboxylation, and elimination.
No reaction record matched this vocabulary entry in the current release graph.
Biotin is an enzyme-tethered carbon-dioxide carrier. ATP-dependent carboxylases move its activated carboxyl group between catalytic sites.
No reaction record matched this vocabulary entry in the current release graph.
Reduced folate forms carry one-carbon units at several oxidation states, linking serine and glycine chemistry to nucleotides and methyl-group metabolism.
No reaction record matched this vocabulary entry in the current release graph.
Cobalt-containing cobalamin supports radical rearrangement and methyl-transfer chemistry in a small but metabolically consequential set of human enzymes.
No reaction record matched this vocabulary entry in the current release graph.
The iron–porphyrin framework of heme enables electron transfer, oxygen handling, and peroxide chemistry across respiratory and oxidative enzyme systems.
No reaction record matched this vocabulary entry in the current release graph.
Iron–sulfur clusters provide tunable electron-transfer centers and structural catalytic elements assembled and distributed by dedicated cellular machinery.
No reaction record matched this vocabulary entry in the current release graph.
Ubiquinone is a lipid-soluble electron and proton carrier that moves within membranes, connecting multiple dehydrogenases to respiratory electron transfer.
No reaction record matched this vocabulary entry in the current release graph.
Glutathione is a cysteine-containing tripeptide used in thiol redox buffering, peroxide reduction, and conjugation reactions.
No reaction record matched this vocabulary entry in the current release graph.
Try a vitamin number, active cofactor name, or broader chemical role.
A nutrient label and the exact molecule participating in an enzyme reaction are not always the same. Keep those levels separate as you move through the lens.
The dietary or transported family from which an active cofactor can be produced.
The chemically specific species used, transferred, reduced, oxidized, or enzyme-bound.
The release events whose names, equations, or catalyst annotations match the controlled vocabulary.
Compartment, enzyme, pathway, and cellular state determine what that chemistry means.
